Wireless transmitting and receiving mechanism for electric waves.



No. 810,150. PATENTED JAN. 16, 1906. C. HULSMEYER.

WIRELESS TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..14, 1904.

IWWN

I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 810,150. PATENTED JAN. 16, 1906.

C. HULSMEYER. WIRELESS TRANSMITTING AND EECEIvINC MECHANISM EOE ELECTRIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1904.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN HULSMEYER, OF DUSSELDORF, GERMANY. I

WIRELESS TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRIC WAVES.

mama Jan. 1c, 1906.

1'0 (1 131; whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN Hons- MEYER, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Dusseldorf, Germany, have invented a certain. new and useful Improvement in Wireless Transmitting and Receiving Mechanism for Electric Waves, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to rovide a paratus by which the further app ication of electrical waves may be had not only to the transmission of communications, but may also be had for actuating mechanism placed at distance, for instance closing circuits and releasing clockworks &c., for the purpose of turning on and off all kinds of ights, the li hting of mines, for putting motors into an out of circuit, for the service of scale on the transmitter with the ai gates, switches or signaling on railways. And in all such cases it is necessary that no other waves save those from the proper transmitter should ever actuate or in .any manner affect the-working of the same. This I accomplish by my invention which consists of a transmitting ap aratus constructed in such manner that the ength of the waves may be varied at will and in which the sensibility of the coherer may be also regulated, each transmitting and receiving ap aratus being provided with synchronized c ock mechanism, which rotate insulated contact-wheels, connected by one or more contact-pieces to conductor arranged at intervals around them; the contact-wheel of the transmitter having a single current which is furnished with a determined time-scale, and upon which one or more contacts are slidably arranged. It thus is possible to actuate, with a single transmitter, as many receiving apparatus, independently one of the other, as time variations may be combined u on the of the contacts. Other means of regulation is afforded by mechanism for varying the length of the electric Waves and the sensibility of the coherer. The possibility of regulating the latter is a principal condition for the sure working of the apparatus. The forms known for this 1purpose need to be regulated by the hand 0 man. In the present construction of the coherer the sensibility is regulated to a previously-determined degree and the coherer always returns in an automatical manner to the desired sensibility.

My said invention is fully shown and described in' the following specification, of

which the accompanying drawings form a p part, wherein like letters of reference designate like or equivalent parts wherever found throughout the several views, and in which Flgure 1 1s a diagrammatic view of my improved wireless transmitting ap aratus;

Fig. 2 is a like view of my improve receivmg apparatus usually used 1n connection with the transmitter shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of my improved form of regulatable and self-regenerating coherer and the mechanism connected therewith; Fig. 4 is a side view in vertical section of the battery of receiving-wires when of the angular or rectangular construction, and Fig. 5 is a view of the construction shown in Fig. 4 taken in horizontal cross-section; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the arrangement of the receivi -wires when the same is cylindrical; and ig. 7 is a diagrammatic view in elevation partially in section of the coherer and clockwork at the receiving-station, and the mechanisms connected therewith.

Referring to the drawings :1 will now describe in detail the construction of the device conjointly with a description of the functions of the various parts of the mechanism, which being mostly shown dia rammatically and therefore need little any description as the construction thereof is self-evident from a mere inspection of the drawings.

When the key A of the transmitter (Fig. 1) is pressed down, the current of the battery A flows from the insulated contact-wheel A which is actuated by a synchronous clockmotion (not shown) and which is provided with a contact-brush A and a stop-lu A from the latter through the spring stop-Tever A and the guide A, round the electromagnet A and through the primary coil A into the inductorium and returns through the key to the battery. The high-tension current of the secondary coil A is conducted to one coating of two condensers A and A", the other coating of which is connected to the oscillator A The electric waves sent from the oscillator are received by the antenna B of the coherer. The current of the battery B then circulates around the coilof the electromagnet B and reaches the contact-wheel B which is rotated in the same manner as A and synchronously therewith the current then passes through the contact B", the spring-lever B through the conductor B, t e coherer B and returns to the battery B and the lever B decoheres the coherer B after the passage of the wave. At the moment of closing the circuits in the transmitter as well as in the receiver, both contact-wheels A and B are released, at the same instant by the attracting elect'romagnets A and B and rotate synchronically in the direction of the arrows.

Round the contact-wheel A of the transmitting apparatus (Fig. 1) is arranged a contact-ring A rovided with a time-scale and a slot, in whic slides a contact A, and it is evident that instead of one there ma be several contacts. The contact-wheel 5 of the receiving apparatus (Fig. 2) is also surround ed by contact-rings which are separated and insulated from each other. When the contact-brush A of the contact-wheel A has reached the contact A of the contact-bar A, B has reached, at the same moment, the movable contact B. the circuit effected in the transmitting ap aratus Fig. 1 and the second wave impu se, thus produced, the coherer is put in circuit and t e current of the battery B flows therefrom around the coil of the electromagnet B, on the contact-wheel B over the contacts B and B", by the conductor B to the place where it is employed, either for lighting mines, for electromechanically closing circuits for any industrial purpose, or for releasing contacts, &c. The current, after having accom lished its mission, returns of course to the attery B by way of the conductor B and the coherer B In order to prevent electric waves intended for the transmission of news or for any other purpose, or coming from a non-authorized person having the intended effect, the contact-wheel B of the receiving-post is surrounded by bars B arranged between the contacts. These bars bein electrically connected together and to an e ectroma not B. When the electric waves do not reac the coherer in the period and the order corresponding to the construction of the receiver, the current of the local battery B passes from the contact-wheel 13*, over the contact B", over the bar B around the coil of the electromagnet B and attracts the lever B, which is provided with an armature, and thus removes the contact B, out of the contact way of the contact-wheel B When the contact B of the contact-wheel has passed the gap of the contact B, the latter is automatically pushed back and returned to its original position by the contact-wheel B, as well as by the insulated lever B. This operation is repeated until the electric waves reach the coherer in the predetermined manner. It is therefore quite impossible for any one who has no sender analogous and electrically attuned to the receiver to actuate the latter in an efficient manner.

To obtain an exact operation of the reto this resistance. 1 following manner. In a vacuum glass tube C, are arranged two metal pistons C and C of The second closing of ceiver, it is necessary that the coherer work according to the more or less strong waves of the transmitting-post, and that the resistance of the coherer-powder is diminished in such a manner that the electromagnets work correctly. As the resistance after each interruption by the striker is very difierent, it is necessary to fix this resistance and to allow the coherer to regulate itself automatically This is obtained in the which C is fixed, whileC is movably suspended to a wire coil; between the pistons is contained the cohererowder, in the resent instance gra hite usua y mingled wit metal powder. T e glass c linder is supported upon a support 0, osclllating on an axis C,

and is more or less inclined by a system of levers C", connected to the end of C The levers are influenced by a solenoid C around the coil of which circulates a local current, and by a counterweight C According to whether the end of the coherer with the piston C is pulled up or down by this system of levers, the movable piston, which is suspended to the spring will, owing to its proper weight press more or less upon the cohererpowder, and produce in this manner a more or less intimate contact. The local current traversing the coherer and the solenoid in the inactive state, ought to be stron .enou h to balance the counterweight C en t e weight C is increased, the resistance of the coherer is diminished, by reason of the inclined position, and the lowering of the piston C When the weight is diminished, the resistance increases. When the coherer has been regulated for a determined resistance, and, when waves strike the antenna 0", they are transmitted from the primary coil (1 to the secondary one C of the local circuit, and actuate the coherer the resistance whereof lowers. The Morse apparatus or telephone with striker (not shown) inserted in this circuit are then actuated and the coherer returns to its former degree of resistance. This operation is repeated after each transmission of a sign.

As for the manipulation of the apparatus, a compact and squat form is advantageous, plates of resisting and insulating material, which are traversed by the receiving-wires, are provided in the recessed sides of the cas ing. For quadrangular forms Figs. 4 and 5, each side is reunited so as to form a single group of wires. The wires meet at a com mon introduction-point D, are all of the same length and reach the coherer inclosed in the casing. Each of the wire plates may be dismounted by means of the screws D For circular or cylindrical forms (Fig. 6), it is advisable to embed the receiving-wires E in an umbrella form in the insulating-lining E surrounding the casing E and to give all the means for actuating t wires a common entr from above. In all forms however, the ot er end E of the coherer is connected with the base-plate of the casing and serves as lead to earth.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a device of the kind described the combination with an electric-wave transmitter, of an electric-wave receiver, each having synchronously-rotating contact-wheels, for automatically freein he receiver mechanism, after a predetermined space of time, means for preventing all other waves arriving at other moments actuating the receiver mechanism, and means for regulating the resistance of the coherer to a determined point, by varying the angle of the coherer, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an electric-wave transmitter, the combination with the primary circuit of the inductorium and a manipulating-key, of an electromagnet inserted in the said circuit and actuating a spring stop lever, a contactwheel inserted in the said primary circuit, a sto -lug integral with the contact-wheel and in e ectrical contact with .the said spring-lever when at rest, and completing the primary circuit, a contact-piece on a contact-ring surrounding the contact-wheel and connected to the primary circuit, which it completes through the contact-wheel, when the lug of the latter, duriin the rotating touches'the contact-piece of the contact-ring, and means for varying the moment at which the primary circuit is closed during the rotation of the contact-wheel, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In an electric-wave transmitter, the combination with the primary circuit of the inductorium and a manipulating-key of an electromagnet, inserted in the said circuit and actuating a spring stop-lever, a contactwheel inserted in the said primary circuit, a stop-lug integral with the contact-wheel and in electrical contact with the said spring; lever when at rest, and completing the primary circuit, a contact-piece slidable and fixable in circular groove of a contact-ring, surrounding the contact-wheel and connected to the primary circuit, which it completes through the contactwheel when the lug of the latter during its rotation, touches the contactpiece, the contact-ring being provided with a time-scale, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In an electric-wave receiver, the combination with a coherer-circuit of an electromagnet inserted in the coherer-circuit and acting upon a stop armature, a contactwheel rotating synchronously with the'contact-wheel of thetransmitter, and inserted in the coherer-circuit, by means of a stop-hi in contact with the said stop-armature w en the contact wheels,

the contact-wheel is at rest, a movable con-- tact disposed at a place corresponding to that of the contact-piece of the transmitter, and completing the circuit of the receiving apparatus, when the lug of the contact-wheel touches it during the rotation of the wheel, and means for removing the said contact out of the way of the said contact-lug when electric waves arrive at other moments than those corresponding to the closing of the conthe coherer-circuit by means of a stop-lug in contact with the said stop-armature when the contact-wheel is at rest, a movable contact disposed at a place corresponding to that of the contact-piece of the transmitter and completing the circuit of the receiving apparatus, I

When the lug of the contact-wheel touches it during the rotation of the wheel, and electrically-connected contactpieces surrounding the contact-wheel and completing by means of this contact-wheel and its contact-lug, the circuit of an electromagnet, inserted in the coherer-circuit, when electr'c waves arrive at other moments than thos provided for by the adjustment of the apparatus, the said electromagnet by its armature withdrawing the movable contact from the way of the lug of the contact, and a lever, o erated by the contact-lug, when the latter has passed the movable contact, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. In a coherer for electric-wave receivers of the kind described, the combination with a glass vacuum-tube of a fixed piston, a movable piston, a body of coherer-powder located between the pistons, asuspension-spring for the movable piston within the' tube, and means for inclining the glass tube to different angles so as to vary the pressure of the movable piston upon the body of coherer-powder, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a coherer for electric-wave receivers of the kind described, the combination with a glass vacuum-tube, of a fixed piston and a movable piston containing between them a body of coherer-powder, a suspension-spring for the movable piston, a balancing supportplate, a lever system inclining more or less the said balancing support-plate, a solenoidarmature connected to the said lever system, and a counterweight also connected to the said lever system and counteracting the action of the said solenoid inserted in the circuit of the coherer, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In a receiver for wireless electric apparatus'comprising a metallic casing, insulatingplates lodged in the recessed side walls if the In testimony whereof I have hereunto set casing, receiving-wires embedded in'the insumy hand in presence of two witnesses.

letting-plates and connected together at the entry-point of the casing, and phaseplate y connected to the other end of theooherer and Witnesses: serving as earth-conductors, substantial-Ly as PETER LIEBER,

' and for thepurpose described. WILLIAM EssENwlnm.

CHRISTIAN 

